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Thinking in C++, 2nd ed. Volume 2 Revision 3 - Contents Thinking in C++, 2nd ed. Volume 2 Revision 3 - Title Page Thinking in C++ 2nd edition Volume 2: Standard Libraries & Advanced Topics Preface What’s new in the second edition What’s in Volume 2 of this book How to get Volume 2 Prerequisites Learning C++ Goals Chapters Exercises Exercise solutions Source code Language standards Language support The book’s CD ROM Seminars, CD Roms & consulting Errors Acknowledgements Part 1: The Standard C++ Library Library overview 1: Strings What’s in a string Creating and initializing C++ strings Initialization limitations Operating on strings Appending, inserting and concatenating strings Replacing string characters Simple character replacement using the STL replace( ) algorithm Concatenation using non-member overloaded operators Searching in strings Finding in reverse Finding first/last of a set Removing characters from strings Stripping HTML tags Comparing strings Indexing with [ ] vs. at( ) Using iterators Iterating in reverse Strings and character traits A string application Summary Exercises 2: Iostreams Why iostreams? True wrapping Iostreams to the rescue Sneak preview of operator overloading Inserters and extractors Manipulators Common usage Line-oriented input Overloaded versions of get( ) Reading raw bytes Error handling File iostreams Open modes Iostream buffering Using get( ) with a streambuf Seeking in iostreams Creating read/write files stringstreams strstreams User-allocated storage Output strstreams Automatic storage allocation Proving movement A better way Output stream formatting Internal formatting data Format fields Width, fill and precision An exhaustive example Formatting manipulators Manipulators with arguments Creating manipulators Effectors Iostream examples Code generation Maintaining class library source Detecting compiler errors A simple datalogger Generating test data Verifying & viewing the data Counting editor Breaking up big files Summary Exercises 3: Templates in depth Nontype template arguments Default template arguments The typename keyword Typedefing a typename Using typename instead of class Function templates A string conversion system A memory allocation system Type induction in function templates Taking the address of a generated function template Local classes in templates Applying a function to an STL sequence Template-templates Member function templates Why virtual member template functions are disallowed Nested template classes Template specializations Full specialization Partial Specialization A practical example Pointer specialization Partial ordering of function templates Design & efficiency Preventing template bloat Explicit instantiation Explicit specification of template functions Controlling template instantiation The inclusion vs. separation models The export keyword Template programming idioms The “curiously-recurring template” Traits Summary 4: STL Containers & Iterators Containers and iterators STL reference documentation The Standard Template Library The basic concepts Containers of strings Inheriting from STL containers A plethora of iterators Iterators in reversible containers Iterator categories Input: read-only, one pass Output: write-only, one pass Forward: multiple read/write Bidirectional: operator-- Random-access: like a pointer Is this really important? Predefined iterators IO stream iterators Manipulating raw storage Basic sequences: vector, list & deque Basic sequence operations vector Cost of overflowing allocated storage Inserting and erasing elements deque Converting between sequences Cost of overflowing allocated storage Checked random-access list Special list operations list vs. set Swapping all basic sequences Robustness of lists Performance comparison set Eliminating strtok( ) StreamTokenizer: a more flexible solution A completely reusable tokenizer stack queue Priority queues Holding bits bitset<n> vector<bool> Associative containers Generators and fillers for associative containers The magic of maps A command-line argument tool Multimaps and duplicate keys Multisets Combining STL containers Cleaning up containers of pointers Creating your own containers Freely-available STL extensions Summary Exercises 5: STL Algorithms Function objects Classification of function objects Automatic creation of function objects Binders Function pointer adapters SGI extensions A catalog of STL algorithms Support tools for example creation Filling & generating Example Counting Example Manipulating sequences Example Searching & replacing Example Comparing ranges Example Removing elements Example Sorting and operations on sorted ranges Sorting Example Locating elements in sorted ranges Example Merging sorted ranges Example Set operations on sorted ranges Example Heap operations Applying an operation to each element in a range Examples Numeric algorithms Example General utilities Creating your own STL-style algorithms Summary Exercises Part 2: Advanced Topics 6: Multiple inheritance Perspective Duplicate subobjects Ambiguous upcasting virtual base classes The "most derived" class and virtual base initialization "Tying off" virtual bases with a default constructor Overhead Upcasting Persistence MI-based persistence Improved persistence Avoiding MI Mixin types Repairing an interface Summary Exercises 7: Exception handling Error handling in C Throwing an exception Catching an exception The try block Exception handlers Termination vs. resumption The exception specification unexpected( ) set_unexpected( ) Better exception specifications? Catching any exception Rethrowing an exception Uncaught exceptions terminate( ) set_terminate( ) Function-level try blocks Cleaning up Constructors Making everything an object Exception matching Standard exceptions Programming with exceptions When to avoid exceptions Not for asynchronous events Not for ordinary error conditions Not for flow-of-control You’re not forced to use exceptions New exceptions, old code Typical uses of exceptions Always use exception specifications Start with standard exceptions Nest your own exceptions Use exception hierarchies Multiple inheritance Catch by reference, not by value Throw exceptions in constructors Don’t cause exceptions in destructors Avoid naked pointers Overhead Summary Exercises 8: Run-time type identification The “Shape” example What is RTTI? Two syntaxes for RTTI Syntax specifics typeid( ) with built-in types Producing the proper type name Nonpolymorphic types Casting to intermediate levels void pointers Using RTTI with templates References Exceptions Multiple inheritance Sensible uses for RTTI Revisiting the trash recycler Mechanism & overhead of RTTI Creating your own RTTI Explicit cast syntax Summary Exercises 9: Building stable systems Shared objects & reference counting Reference-counted class hierarchies Finding memory leaks The canonical object & singly-rooted hierarchies An extended canonical form Design by contract Integrated unit testing Dynamic aggregation Exercises 10: Design patterns The pattern concept The singleton Variations on singleton Classifying patterns Features, idioms, patterns Basic complexity hiding Factories: encapsulating object creation Polymorphic factories Abstract factories Virtual constructorsBE Destructor operation Callbacks Functor/Command Strategy Observer The “interface” idiom The “inner class” idiom The observer example Multiple dispatching Visitor, a type of multiple dispatching Efficiency Flyweight The composite Evolving a design: the trash recycler Improving the design “Make more objects” A pattern for prototyping creation Trash subclasses Parsing Trash from an external file Recycling with prototyping Abstracting usage Applying double dispatching Implementing the double dispatch Applying the visitor pattern More coupling? RTTI considered harmful? Summary Exercises 11: Tools & topics The code extractor Debugging assert( ) Trace macros Trace file Abstract base class for debugging Tracking new/delete & malloc/free CGI programming in C++ Encoding data for CGI The CGI parser Testing the CGI parser Using POST Handling mailing lists Maintaining your list Mailing to your list A general information-extraction CGI program Parsing the data files Summary Exercises A: Recommended reading C General C++ My own list of books Depth & dark corners The STL Design Patterns B: Etc Index

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